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IDEFIX

Des petits organismes aux grands pouvoirs

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Océan Indien
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L’azote est un élément indispensable à tous les êtres vivants. Dans l’océan, les micro-organismes appelés diazotrophes transforment l’azote atmosphérique dissous dans l’eau (diazote, N2) en une forme utilisable par les plantes et animaux marins : on parle alors de “fixation” de l’azote, un processus clé qui alimente toutes les chaînes alimentaires marines et permet la captation de CO2 par l’océan. Ce projet vise à étudier ce phénomène naturel en fonction des saisons de mousson dans l’Océan Indien, le bassin océanique se réchauffant le plus vite au monde. Les chercheurs espèrent également découvrir de nouvelles espèces de diazotrophes propres à cette région.

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Grâce au phytoplancton réalisant la photosynthèse, l’océan capte près de 25% de nos émissions de CO2 chaque année, et contribue donc à limiter le réchauffement climatique. Mais cette réaction n’est possible que si le phytoplancton dispose d’azote, un élément essentiel à tous les êtres vivants. Les micro-organismes qui le leur fournissent sont appelés diazotrophes : ils transforment le diazote (N2) dissous dans l’eau en une forme assimilable par les autres organismes marins, un processus que l’on appelle “fixation de l’azote” et dont les mécanismes exacts sont encore peu connus selon les régions du monde.

Le projet IDEFIX étudie la fixation d’azote dans l’Océan Indien en fonction des saisons de mousson. C’est le bassin océanique se réchauffant le plus vite au monde, et décrypter le rôle de l’azote et des diazotrophes pourrait permettre d’expliquer pourquoi. De nouvelles espèces de diazotrophes propres à cette région seront également à découvrir lors de la Seconde Expédition Internationale dans l’Océan Indien (2022).

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Décrypter le rôle de la fixation du diazote (N2) en fonction des saisons de mousson et découvrir de nouvelles espèces de diazotrophes propres à l’Océan Indien.
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Mar Benavides, chargée de recherche IRD à l’Institut Méditerranéen d’Océanologie (MIO), Marseille, France.
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Subhadeep Chowdhury, doctorant à l’Université d’Aix-Marseille, France.
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Dr. Arvind Singh, maître de conférences au Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) à Ahmedabad, Inde.
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