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MICROPOW

Comprendre comment les microplastiques affectent la santé de la faune sauvage

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Mer de Tasman, île de Lord Howe

(Pacifique Ouest)
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Les microplastiques (< 5 mm) sont un véritable fléau pour la faune sauvage, qu’elle soit terrestre ou marine. Ces minuscules fragments pénètrent dans les organes, s’accumulent dans les tissus et peuvent même entrer dans les cellules. Adoptant une approche transdisciplinaire inédite, le projet MicroPOW étudie les conséquences biologiques de cette exposition aux microplastiques, de l’échelle cellulaire à celle de l’organisme. Des puffins de l’île Lord Howe (Australie) seront examinés comme espèces-modèles et comparés selon leur niveau d’ingestion de microplastiques, avec des résultats extrapolables à l’homme.

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Alors que la pollution macroplastique est aujourd’hui largement reconnue et a été étudiée pendant plus de 50 ans, ce n’est que très récemment que les microplastiques ont été identifiés comme envahissants et dangereux. Pouvant s’infiltrer à tous les niveaux de l’organisme, ces minuscules fragments sont suspectés d’avoir des effets pathologiques graves pour la faune sauvage comme pour les humains. Combinant techniques biomédicales et écologie de conservation des espèces, l’équipe du projet MicroPOW a pour objectif de dévoiler les conséquences biologiques de l’ingestion de microplastiques sur les cellules, les tissus et les organes d’animaux sauvages. Ils s’intéressent en particulier à deux espèces de puffins de l’île Lord Howe (Australie), des oiseaux marins fortement exposés à la pollution plastique : les puffins à pieds-pâles ingérant beaucoup de plastique seront comparés à leurs cousins les puffins fouquet, 10 fois moins contaminés. Tous les vertébrés présentant des réponses physiologiques très similaires, les résultats de cette étude seront raisonnablement extrapolables à l’homme.

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Déterminer l’impact de l’ingestion de microplastiques sur les organes, les tissus, et les cellules d’oiseaux marins en Australie.
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Dr. Jack Rivers-Auty, maître de conférences en Sciences Médicales à l’Université de Tasmanie et chercheur au Adrift Lab.
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Dr. Jennifer Lavers, écotoxicologue marine au Adrift Lab et maîtresse de conférences à Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, Tasmanie.

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Dr. Alex Bond, biologiste et écologue au Adrift Lab (Tasmanie) et basé au Musée National d’Histoire Naturelle, Royaume-Uni.

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Alix de Jersey, doctorante au Adrift Lab, Tasmanie.

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