{"id":11677,"date":"2022-11-29T12:40:40","date_gmt":"2022-11-29T11:40:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/2022\/11\/29\/raie-manta\/"},"modified":"2024-03-06T09:40:41","modified_gmt":"2024-03-06T08:40:41","slug":"raie-manta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/en\/2022\/11\/29\/raie-manta\/","title":{"rendered":"Les Raies manta"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='av_section_1' class='avia-section main_color avia-section-default avia-no-shadow av-parallax-section avia-bg-style-parallax   av-minimum-height av-minimum-height-50 container_wrap sidebar_right'  data-section-bg-repeat='no-repeat' ><div class='av-parallax' data-avia-parallax-ratio='0.3' ><div class='av-parallax-inner main_color  avia-full-stretch' style = 'background-repeat: no-repeat; background-image: url(https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/OceanImageBank_TobyMatthews_39-scaled.jpg); background-attachment: scroll; background-position: top center; ' ><\/div><\/div><div class='container' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-11677'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'><\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='after_section_1' class='main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap sidebar_right'   ><div class='container' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-11677'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_half  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  av_inherit_color '  style='color:#071562; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><h1><strong><span style=\"font-family: neutra; font-size: 36pt;\">RAIES MANTA<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_half  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding   \" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  av_inherit_color '  style='color:#071562; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><h3 style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: neutra; font-size: 24pt;\">Quelles menaces planent sur elles ? <\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: neutra; font-size: 24pt;\">Comment les prot\u00e9ger ?\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><p><div  class='hr hr-default  '><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  av_inherit_color '  style='color:#071562; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong><span style=\"font-family: neutra; font-size: 18pt;\">Mieux conna\u00eetre les raies manta<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les raies manta sont des animaux qui vivent en pleine mer (dits <strong>\u201cp\u00e9lagiques\u201d<\/strong>), entre 0 et 1000 m\u00e8tres de profondeur. Il en existe deux esp\u00e8ces :<strong> la raie manta g\u00e9ante <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Mobula birostris)<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> qui peut faire jusqu&#8217;\u00e0 7 m\u00e8tres d\u2019envergure, et <strong>la manta des r\u00e9cifs<\/strong> <\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Mobula alfredi) <\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">plus petite, de 3 \u00e0 4 m\u00e8tres d\u2019envergure. Avec les 9 autres esp\u00e8ces de raies connues, elles forment le groupe des Mobulid\u00e9s <\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(1)<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Habitu\u00e9es \u00e0 des <strong>temp\u00e9ratures sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 20\u00b0C<\/strong>, ces esp\u00e8ces se retrouvent principalement dans les zones tropicales mais leur migrations annuelles les font s\u2019aventurer aussi dans les zones temp\u00e9r\u00e9es chaudes de l\u2019oc\u00e9an Atlantique <\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(2)<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>.<\/em> <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u2019est un poisson \u00e0 <strong>croissance lente, \u00e0 maturit\u00e9 sexuelle tardive et \u00e0 faible f\u00e9condit\u00e9 : <\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">seulement 3 juv\u00e9niles par femelle peuvent na\u00eetre au cours de leur vie <\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(3).<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Elles nagent en profondeur la nuit et remontent en haut de la colonne d\u2019eau dans la journ\u00e9e, pour <strong>se nourrir en filtrant le plancton.<\/strong> On peut les retrouver plus facilement en journ\u00e9e au niveau de <strong>\u2018stations de nettoyage\u2019<\/strong>, o\u00f9 elles se laissent d\u00e9parasiter par d\u2019autres esp\u00e8ces comme les labres <\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Labridae)(4).<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><br style=\"font-weight: 400;\" \/><br style=\"font-weight: 400;\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_half  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><p><section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  av_inherit_color '  style='color:#071562; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><span style=\"font-family: neutra; font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Quelles menaces p\u00e8sent sur elles ?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>En 50 ans, les signalements de raies ont diminu\u00e9 en moyenne de 70%,<\/strong> et m\u00eame de 90% au large des c\u00f4tes du Mozambique <\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(5). <\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ais quelles causes m\u00e8nent \u00e0 leur disparition ?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les raies manta sont <strong>cibl\u00e9es par la p\u00eache<\/strong> de petite \u00e9chelle depuis des si\u00e8cles ; mais depuis les ann\u00e9es 1990 les raies sont p\u00each\u00e9es de plus en plus pour leurs ailerons, leur peau et surtout leurs branchies, tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9es par la m\u00e9decine chinoise pour leur vertus aphrodisiaques. La d\u00e9mocratisation de ces rem\u00e8des traditionnels \u00e0 des <strong>centaines de millions de consommateurs potentiels<\/strong> pourrait mener \u00e0 l\u2019<strong>extinction totale des raies manta\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(6). <\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les techniques de <strong>p\u00eache professionnelles non s\u00e9lectives<\/strong> (filet, palangre, senne tournante, chalut de fond\u2026) sont \u00e9galement un fl\u00e9au pour les populations de raies manta et autres grands animaux marins (requins, tortues et c\u00e9tac\u00e9s). De nombreuses prises accidentelles ont lieu lors de la p\u00eache au thon, une esp\u00e8ce recherch\u00e9e pour sa chair et dont le lieu de vie s&#8217;entrem\u00eale avec celui des raies manta.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Plusieurs types de pollution menacent les raies manta. La premi\u00e8re, peu m\u00e9diatis\u00e9e et encore trop peu connue, est la <strong>pollution sonore.<\/strong> Caus\u00e9e principalement par le transport maritime, l&#8217;exploration p\u00e9troli\u00e8re et gazi\u00e8re, la pollution sonore emp\u00eache les individus de d\u00e9tecter leurs proies, reconna\u00eetre leurs pr\u00e9dateurs, leurs partenaires et leur environnement en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral. Elle affecte de nombreuses esp\u00e8ces marines notamment les <strong>esp\u00e8ces migratrices et coti\u00e8res.<\/strong> Il est tr\u00e8s difficile d\u2019\u00e9valuer l\u2019impact de cette forme de pollution sur les raies manta ; mais on suspecte qu\u2019elle soit \u00e0 l\u2019origine de leur disparition dans certains espaces tr\u00e8s anthropis\u00e9s <\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(7).<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La<strong> pollution plastique<\/strong> est aussi un probl\u00e8me majeur pour les raies manta. Pour r\u00e9colter le plancton dont elles se nourrissent, les raies manta filtrent une grande quantit\u00e9 d\u2019eau (plus de 86 m\u00b3 par heure !) au travers de leurs branchies. Il a ainsi \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 (Germanov et al, 2019) que les raies de la Manta Bay (Indon\u00e9sie) <strong>peuvent ing\u00e9rer directement entre 110g et 980g de plastique par kilo de plancton <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(8). <\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Par ailleurs, elles subissent \u00e9galement la <strong>bioaccumulation des microplastiques,<\/strong> c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire qu\u2019elles accumulent dans leur organisme les plastiques pr\u00e9alablement ing\u00e9r\u00e9s dans le plancton qu\u2019elles consomment.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><br style=\"font-weight: 400;\" \/><br style=\"font-weight: 400;\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_half  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding   \" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><div id=\"attachment_11634\" style=\"width: 2058px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11634\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11634\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/OceanImageBank_TobyMatthews_24-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/OceanImageBank_TobyMatthews_24-scaled.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/OceanImageBank_TobyMatthews_24-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/OceanImageBank_TobyMatthews_24-824x1030.jpg 824w, https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/OceanImageBank_TobyMatthews_24-768x960.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/OceanImageBank_TobyMatthews_24-1229x1536.jpg 1229w, https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/OceanImageBank_TobyMatthews_24-1638x2048.jpg 1638w, https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/OceanImageBank_TobyMatthews_24-1200x1500.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/OceanImageBank_TobyMatthews_24-564x705.jpg 564w, https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/OceanImageBank_TobyMatthews_24-450x563.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-11634\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Manta ray, Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii<br \/>Credit: Toby Matthews \/ Ocean Image Bank<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_half  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><div id=\"attachment_11637\" style=\"width: 1610px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11637\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11637\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/OceanImageBank_JakeWilton_13.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/OceanImageBank_JakeWilton_13.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/OceanImageBank_JakeWilton_13-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/OceanImageBank_JakeWilton_13-824x1030.jpg 824w, https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/OceanImageBank_JakeWilton_13-768x960.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/OceanImageBank_JakeWilton_13-1229x1536.jpg 1229w, https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/OceanImageBank_JakeWilton_13-1200x1500.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/OceanImageBank_JakeWilton_13-564x705.jpg 564w, https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/OceanImageBank_JakeWilton_13-450x563.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-11637\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Manta ray mating chain<br \/>Credit: Jake Wilton \/ Ocean Image Bank<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_half  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding   \" style='border-radius:0px; '><p><section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  av_inherit_color '  style='color:#071562; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><span style=\"font-family: neutra; font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Comment les prot\u00e9ger ?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>La cr\u00e9ation d\u2019aires marines prot\u00e9g\u00e9es (AMP) semble n\u00e9cessaire<\/strong> dans la protection des \u00e9lasmobranches dans leur ensemble, victimes de la p\u00eache ill\u00e9gale et des prises accidentelles. Pour envisager une protection efficace, il est imp\u00e9ratif de <strong>conna\u00eetre leur r\u00e9partition g\u00e9ographique au cours de l\u2019ann\u00e9e et m\u00eame de la journ\u00e9e.<\/strong> Le plancton \u00e9tant leur principale source de nourriture, il est possible de pr\u00e9voir leur localisation et leurs mouvements en suivant les prolif\u00e9rations (blooms) de microalgues et de zooplancton. Celles-ci peuvent notamment se former au niveau des tombants lorsque l\u2019intensit\u00e9 lumineuse est forte; si celle-ci est faible durant la journ\u00e9e, les raies manta se dirigent pr\u00e9f\u00e9rentiellement vers les stations de nettoyage, au niveau des r\u00e9cifs <\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(9).<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Des \u00e9tudes r\u00e9centes ont montr\u00e9 que les <strong>prises accidentelles<\/strong> de raies (mais \u00e9galement d\u2019autres \u00e9lasmobranches comme les requins) pourraient \u00eatre <strong>drastiquement r\u00e9duites<\/strong> par l\u2019interdiction du chalutage \u00e0 des<strong> profondeurs sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 600m.<\/strong> Dans ces espaces (entre -600 et -1000m) la proportion de prises accidentelles de raies et requins augmenterait fortement, \u00e0 l\u2019inverse des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices commerciaux li\u00e9s aux autres esp\u00e8ces d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat <\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(10).<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>La p\u00eache ill\u00e9gale est motiv\u00e9e par le fort prix de revente de la chair des raies,<\/strong> principalement sur les march\u00e9s asiatiques. La lutte contre la p\u00eache ill\u00e9gale doit passer par une surveillance accrue des AMP, et la <strong>localisation des navires ill\u00e9gaux.<\/strong> Il est th\u00e9oriquement possible de suivre ces derniers par satellite, via le syst\u00e8me de positionnement AIS (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">automatic identification system<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), mais celui-ci n&#8217;est pas infaillible puisque les bateaux de p\u00eache sont autoris\u00e9s \u00e0 \u00e9teindre le syst\u00e8me de positionnement (afin d&#8217;\u00e9chapper \u00e0 de potentiels pirates). Il est alors impossible de v\u00e9rifier si ces extinctions r\u00e9sultent d\u2019un danger, ou d\u2019une motivation effective de p\u00eache en zones ill\u00e9gales <\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(11).<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Face \u00e0 la pollution plastique en mer, <strong>les solutions se trouvent avant tout dans la gestion des d\u00e9chets \u00e0 terre.<\/strong> En effet, 80% des d\u00e9chets dans l\u2019oc\u00e9an proviennent des continents, charri\u00e9s par les grands fleuves <\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(12). <\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quant \u00e0 la pollution sonore, m\u00eame si les Nations Unies reconnaissent son impact sur de nombreuses esp\u00e8ces marines, il n\u2019existe actuellement aucune loi l\u2019encadrant \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle europ\u00e9enne. 2 d\u00e9put\u00e9s (M. Lo\u00efc Dombreval et M. Jean-Luc Lagleize)<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 demand\u00e9 des mesures \u00e0 l\u2019assembl\u00e9 nationale en 2019, mais aucune loi n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 pass\u00e9e pour le moment<em> (13).<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><br style=\"font-weight: 400;\" \/><br style=\"font-weight: 400;\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: right;\">Agathe Martocq<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/p>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_third  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><div class='avia-image-container  av-styling-    avia-align-center '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><a href='https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/en\/our-scientific-projects\/manta\/' class='avia_image'  ><img class='avia_image ' src='https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/P9120159-2-180x180.jpg' alt='' title='OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA'  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_two_third  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding   \" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u21d2 Projet Manta :<\/strong> L\u2019Afrique du Sud et le Mozambique sont des hotspots pour de nombreuses esp\u00e8ces de raies et de requins menac\u00e9es, ou pour lesquelles il manque des donn\u00e9es essentielles. Les observations de raies manta y ont diminu\u00e9 de 90%, soulignant l\u2019urgence de prot\u00e9ger ces esp\u00e8ces et leurs habitats cl\u00e9s. <strong>L\u2019objectif principal de ce projet est d\u2019identifier les zones de chevauchement entre les raies manta et la p\u00eache industrielle, et d\u2019\u00e9valuer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des aires marines prot\u00e9g\u00e9es (AMP)<\/strong> pour leur conservation gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des m\u00e9thodes de suivi satellite.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><br style=\"font-weight: 400;\" \/><br style=\"font-weight: 400;\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_third  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><div class='avia-image-container  av-styling-    avia-align-center '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><a href='https:\/\/www.int-res.com\/abstracts\/meps\/v700\/p145-159\/' class='avia_image'  ><img class='avia_image ' src='https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/OceanImageBank_AnettSzaszi_04-180x180.jpg' alt='' title='OceanImageBank_AnettSzaszi_04'  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_two_third  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding   \" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u21d2 La plus grande population de raies manta oc\u00e9aniques du monde<\/strong> \u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couverte pr\u00e8s de c\u00f4tes \u00e9quatoriennes : <strong>22 000 sp\u00e9cimens<\/strong> seraient pr\u00e9sents dans cette zone selon la nouvelle \u00e9tude de la<strong> Marine Megafauna Fundacion :<\/strong> \u201cDemographics and dynamics of the world\u2019s largest known population of oceanic manta rays Mobula birostris in coastal Ecuador\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><br style=\"font-weight: 400;\" \/><br style=\"font-weight: 400;\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><p><div  class='hr hr-default  '><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  av_inherit_color '  style='color:#071562; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong><span style=\"font-family: neutra; font-size: 18pt;\">Sources :\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/p>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_half  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(1)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Phylogeny of the manta and devilrays (Chondrichthyes: mobulidae), with an updated taxonomic arrangement for the family <\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/zoolinnean\/article\/182\/1\/50\/3886052\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/zoolinnean\/article\/182\/1\/50\/3886052<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(2) <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Giant manta ray : mobula birostris : endangered red list\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reef manta ray : mobula alfredi : vulnerable red list\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/species\/198921\/214397182\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/species\/198921\/214397182<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/species\/195459\/214395983\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/species\/195459\/214395983<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(3) <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reproductive ecology of the reef manta ray Manta alfredi in southern Mozambique<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/j.1095-8649.2010.02669.x\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/j.1095-8649.2010.02669.x<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(4) <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La raie manta : menaces sur le diable de mer <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.conservation-nature.fr\/animaux\/poisson\/raie-manta\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.conservation-nature.fr\/animaux\/poisson\/raie-manta\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(5) <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Half a century of global decline in oceanic sharks and rays<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ore.exeter.ac.uk\/repository\/bitstream\/handle\/10871\/124531\/Pacoureau_et_al_Nature.pdf?sequence=1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/ore.exeter.ac.uk\/repository\/bitstream\/handle\/10871\/124531\/Pacoureau_et_al_Nature.pdf?sequence=1<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(6) <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vulnerabilities and fisheries impacts: the uncertain future of manta and devil rays<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/aqc.2591\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/aqc.2591<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(7) <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rapport interm\u00e9diaire sur la gestion des impacts du bruit sous-marin et des d\u00e9bris marins sur la diversit\u00e9 biologique marine et c\u00f4ti\u00e8re &#8211; CBD <\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbd.int\/doc\/meetings\/sbstta\/sbstta-18\/official\/sbstta-18-05-fr.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.cbd.int\/doc\/meetings\/sbstta\/sbstta-18\/official\/sbstta-18-05-fr.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><br style=\"font-weight: 400;\" \/><br style=\"font-weight: 400;\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_half  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding   \" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(8) <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Microplastics on the Menu: Plastics Pollute Indonesian Manta Ray and Whale Shark Feeding Grounds\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmars.2019.00679\/full\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmars.2019.00679\/full<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(9)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Feeding \u2013 Cleaning Trade-Off: Manta Ray \u201cDecision-Making\u201d as a Conservation Tool<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmars.2019.00088\/full\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmars.2019.00088\/full<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(10)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Chalutage 600m:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gla.ac.uk\/news\/archiveofnews\/2015\/august\/headline_417882_en.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.gla.ac.uk\/news\/archiveofnews\/2015\/august\/headline_417882_en.html<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(11)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Solution pour traquer la p\u00eache ill\u00e9gale depuis l\u2019espace\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.fr\/environnement\/la-peche-illegale-est-maintenant-traquee-depuis-lespace\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.fr\/environnement\/la-peche-illegale-est-maintenant-traquee-depuis-lespace<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(12) <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u00e9chets marins, Minist\u00e8re de la transition \u00e9cologique<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecologie.gouv.fr\/dechets-marins\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.ecologie.gouv.fr\/dechets-marins<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 10pt;\">(13) 2 d\u00e9put\u00e9s demandent des mesures contre la pollution sonore des oc\u00e9ans qui nuit aux c\u00e9tac\u00e9s et autres animaux marins<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.politique-animaux.fr\/mer-pisciculture\/2-deputes-demandent-des-mesures-contre-pollution-sonore-des-oceans-qui-nuit-aux-cet\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.politique-animaux.fr\/mer-pisciculture\/2-deputes-demandent-des-mesures-contre-pollution-sonore-des-oceans-qui-nuit-aux-cet<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><br style=\"font-weight: 400;\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18219,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[43,26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11677","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-en","category-blog-science-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Les Raies manta - Pure Ocean<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/en\/2022\/11\/29\/raie-manta\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les Raies manta - Pure Ocean\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/en\/2022\/11\/29\/raie-manta\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pure Ocean\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PureOceanFund\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PureOceanFund\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-11-29T11:40:40+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-03-06T08:40:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/OceanImageBank_AnettSzaszi_04-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1610\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Pureocean\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@pureoceanfund\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@PureOceanFund\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Pureocean\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"15 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pure-ocean.org\\\/en\\\/2022\\\/11\\\/29\\\/raie-manta\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pure-ocean.org\\\/en\\\/2022\\\/11\\\/29\\\/raie-manta\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Pureocean\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pure-ocean.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0cdc21c75345192b612373a4ff7045cc\"},\"headline\":\"Les Raies manta\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-11-29T11:40:40+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-03-06T08:40:41+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pure-ocean.org\\\/en\\\/2022\\\/11\\\/29\\\/raie-manta\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2962,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pure-ocean.org\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pure-ocean.org\\\/en\\\/2022\\\/11\\\/29\\\/raie-manta\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pure-ocean.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/11\\\/OceanImageBank_AnettSzaszi_04-scaled.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"News\",\"Science Blog\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pure-ocean.org\\\/en\\\/2022\\\/11\\\/29\\\/raie-manta\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pure-ocean.org\\\/en\\\/2022\\\/11\\\/29\\\/raie-manta\\\/\",\"name\":\"Les Raies manta - Pure Ocean\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pure-ocean.org\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pure-ocean.org\\\/en\\\/2022\\\/11\\\/29\\\/raie-manta\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pure-ocean.org\\\/en\\\/2022\\\/11\\\/29\\\/raie-manta\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pure-ocean.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/11\\\/OceanImageBank_AnettSzaszi_04-scaled.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-11-29T11:40:40+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-03-06T08:40:41+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pure-ocean.org\\\/en\\\/2022\\\/11\\\/29\\\/raie-manta\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pure-ocean.org\\\/en\\\/2022\\\/11\\\/29\\\/raie-manta\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pure-ocean.org\\\/en\\\/2022\\\/11\\\/29\\\/raie-manta\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pure-ocean.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/11\\\/OceanImageBank_AnettSzaszi_04-scaled.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pure-ocean.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/11\\\/OceanImageBank_AnettSzaszi_04-scaled.jpg\",\"width\":2560,\"height\":1610,\"caption\":\"Manta Ray Swimming in Indonesia Credit: Anett Szaszi \\\/ Ocean Image Bank\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pure-ocean.org\\\/en\\\/2022\\\/11\\\/29\\\/raie-manta\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pure-ocean.org\\\/en\\\/home\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Les Raies manta\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pure-ocean.org\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pure-ocean.org\\\/\",\"name\":\"Pure Ocean\",\"description\":\"L&#039;innovation au service de l&#039;oc\u00e9an\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pure-ocean.org\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pure-ocean.org\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pure-ocean.org\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Pure Ocean\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pure-ocean.org\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pure-ocean.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pure-ocean.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/01\\\/LOGO-FINAL-carre-03.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pure-ocean.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/01\\\/LOGO-FINAL-carre-03.png\",\"width\":472,\"height\":472,\"caption\":\"Pure Ocean\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pure-ocean.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/PureOceanFund\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/PureOceanFund\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/27024658\\\/admin\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/pureoceanfund\\\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pure-ocean.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0cdc21c75345192b612373a4ff7045cc\",\"name\":\"Pureocean\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/8dcbce1d82029db99d44e6a23ee7996035b220fe76df8916f146facdd7243fd8?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/8dcbce1d82029db99d44e6a23ee7996035b220fe76df8916f146facdd7243fd8?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/8dcbce1d82029db99d44e6a23ee7996035b220fe76df8916f146facdd7243fd8?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Pureocean\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/pure-ocean.org\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/PureOceanFund\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/pureoceanfund\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/pureoceanfund\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/pureoceanfund\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/channel\\\/UCv63E3MfGocXFvHuocITJ8g\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pure-ocean.org\\\/en\\\/author\\\/pureocean\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Les Raies manta - Pure Ocean","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/en\/2022\/11\/29\/raie-manta\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Les Raies manta - Pure Ocean","og_url":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/en\/2022\/11\/29\/raie-manta\/","og_site_name":"Pure Ocean","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PureOceanFund\/","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PureOceanFund\/","article_published_time":"2022-11-29T11:40:40+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-03-06T08:40:41+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2560,"height":1610,"url":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/OceanImageBank_AnettSzaszi_04-scaled.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Pureocean","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@pureoceanfund","twitter_site":"@PureOceanFund","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Pureocean","Est. reading time":"15 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/en\/2022\/11\/29\/raie-manta\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/en\/2022\/11\/29\/raie-manta\/"},"author":{"name":"Pureocean","@id":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/#\/schema\/person\/0cdc21c75345192b612373a4ff7045cc"},"headline":"Les Raies manta","datePublished":"2022-11-29T11:40:40+00:00","dateModified":"2024-03-06T08:40:41+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/en\/2022\/11\/29\/raie-manta\/"},"wordCount":2962,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/en\/2022\/11\/29\/raie-manta\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/OceanImageBank_AnettSzaszi_04-scaled.jpg","articleSection":["News","Science Blog"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/en\/2022\/11\/29\/raie-manta\/","url":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/en\/2022\/11\/29\/raie-manta\/","name":"Les Raies manta - Pure Ocean","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/en\/2022\/11\/29\/raie-manta\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/en\/2022\/11\/29\/raie-manta\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/OceanImageBank_AnettSzaszi_04-scaled.jpg","datePublished":"2022-11-29T11:40:40+00:00","dateModified":"2024-03-06T08:40:41+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/en\/2022\/11\/29\/raie-manta\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/en\/2022\/11\/29\/raie-manta\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/en\/2022\/11\/29\/raie-manta\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/OceanImageBank_AnettSzaszi_04-scaled.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/OceanImageBank_AnettSzaszi_04-scaled.jpg","width":2560,"height":1610,"caption":"Manta Ray Swimming in Indonesia Credit: Anett Szaszi \/ Ocean Image Bank"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/en\/2022\/11\/29\/raie-manta\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/en\/home\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Les Raies manta"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/","name":"Pure Ocean","description":"L&#039;innovation au service de l&#039;oc\u00e9an","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/#organization","name":"Pure Ocean","url":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/LOGO-FINAL-carre-03.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/LOGO-FINAL-carre-03.png","width":472,"height":472,"caption":"Pure Ocean"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PureOceanFund\/","https:\/\/x.com\/PureOceanFund","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/27024658\/admin\/","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/pureoceanfund\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/#\/schema\/person\/0cdc21c75345192b612373a4ff7045cc","name":"Pureocean","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8dcbce1d82029db99d44e6a23ee7996035b220fe76df8916f146facdd7243fd8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8dcbce1d82029db99d44e6a23ee7996035b220fe76df8916f146facdd7243fd8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8dcbce1d82029db99d44e6a23ee7996035b220fe76df8916f146facdd7243fd8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Pureocean"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/pure-ocean.org","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PureOceanFund\/","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/pureoceanfund\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/pureoceanfund\/","https:\/\/x.com\/pureoceanfund","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCv63E3MfGocXFvHuocITJ8g"],"url":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/en\/author\/pureocean\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11677","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11677"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11677\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26171,"href":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11677\/revisions\/26171"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18219"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11677"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11677"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pure-ocean.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11677"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}